[3] Proculus, Acutius, Eutyches and Artemas were martyrs of Pozzuoli, and St. Januarius of Benevento and his companions suffered martyrdom here.

[7] In 1536, a series of earthquakes began in the neighborhood of Pozzuoli, culminating in the explosions of 26 and 27 September 1538, which brought into existence a new volcano only two miles west of the cathedral, called Monte Nuovo.

In the 17th century, Bishop Martín de León Cárdenas (1631–1650) had the old cathedral restored by enclosing it entirely in a baroque structure, which survived until 1964.

[9] The cathedral was closed after a major fire in 1964 but reopened for worship in 2014, though in 2019 it is still open only on Saturdays and Sundays, due to archaeological and restoration work on the Temple of Augustus.

During that building's closure the nearby church of Santa Maria della Consolazione in Pozzuoli served as a pro-cathedral.

The cathedral is administered and served by a Chapter, consisting of three dignities (the Dean, the Archdeacon, and the Cantor) and twelve Canons.