Biu–Mandara languages

The Biu–Mandara or Central Chadic languages of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon.

[1] Gravina (2014) classifies Central Chadic as follows, as part of a reconstruction of the proto-language.

Letters and numbers in parentheses correspond to branches in previous classifications.

The branches of Biu–Mandara traditionally go by either names or letters and numbers in an outline format.

Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations (in Nigeria only) from Blench (2019).