Black–green coalition
[1] Among the founders of the Green Party there were many conservative environmentalists, the most famous of whom was the former CDU member of the Bundestag Herbert Gruhl [de].
[3] In 1984, the Green member of the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg, Rezzo Schlauch [de], was the first prominent politician to speak publicly about being able to imagine a black-green alliance in principle.
[4] The so-called "Pizza Connection [de]" included Cem Özdemir, Volker Beck and Matthias Berninger on the Green side, and Norbert Röttgen, Peter Altmaier, Kristina Schröder, Ronald Pofalla, Hermann Gröhe, Eckart von Klaeden, Friedbert Pflüger and Andreas Krautscheid [de] on the CDU side.
In 1994, Mülheim an der Ruhr became the first major city in the state to be governed by an alliance of the CDU and the Greens, which lasted until 1999.
Previously, the CDU candidate for mayor, Gerd Schwandner (independent), had been elected in the second round of voting with the support of the Greens.
The best-known joint project nationwide is probably the failed sale of the municipal housing company Stadtbau GmbH.
Jamaica coalitions between the CDU, the Greens and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) are also more common at the local level.
Before the 2005 North Rhine-Westphalia state election, the leading candidates Jürgen Rüttgers (CDU) and Bärbel Höhn (Greens) appeared at several photo opportunities.
Although the CDUwas able to continue the coalition with the FDP [de] after the state elections with a large majority, serious talks were started with the Greens, who had become the third strongest force.
At their state party conference in October 2007, the Hamburg Greens kept the black-green option open and at the same time ruled out any cooperation with Die Linke.
On 16 April 2008, the CDU and GAL parliamentary group leaders announced in Hamburg that they had reached a coalition agreement in principle.
In the subsequent new election in 2011, the CDU lost almost half of its 2008 vote share, with a loss of 20.7 percentage points, while the Greens were able to gain slightly.
[11] As early as 2005, there was a black-green collaboration in the State Welfare Association of Hesse [de], the "Hessian Social Parliament" with the participation of the FDP (Jamaica Alliance).
It did this despite the fact that the SPD had signaled its willingness to form a grand coalition (which was emerging at the federal level at the same time).
In the night of 16 to 17 December 2013, the CDU and the Greens agreed on a coalition agreement entitled " Design reliably - open up perspectives" .
Therefore, immediately after the announcement of the final election results, the state executive boards of the CDU and the Greens unanimously decided to start coalition negotiations on an extension of the cooperation for a further five years.
[17] After the 2016 Baden-Württemberg state election, in which the previous green-red state government lost its majority and the CDU was also unable to form a coalition in a three-way alliance with the FDP and SPD, the Greens and the CDU agreed to start coalition talks after exploratory talks.
After the 2021 Baden-Württemberg state election, coalition talks between the Greens and the CDU led to the formation of the third Kretschmann cabinet.
The incumbent Minister-President and CDU top candidate Daniel Günther favoured the continuation of the Jamaica coalition, although black-green and black-yellow would have a simple majority.
CDU/CSU, FDP and Greens held exploratory talks on a Jamaica coalition [de] for the first time at the federal level.
The common values and concerns mentioned are the preservation of creation [de], subsidiarity, decentralization, personal responsibility of the individual, solid finances, an intact homeland and a healthy environment.
[33] Due to the rejection of various major projects such as the Stuttgart 21 train station reconstruction or the Munich Olympic bid, politicians from the CDU, CSU and FDP repeatedly referred to Alliance 90/The Greens as the "anti-party" during the election campaign.
The coalition talks failed, however, not least because of disagreements on social and pension issues, tuition fees and military armament projects.
Nevertheless, the Greens have since been considered a possible coalition partner of the ÖVP and are thus no longer exclusively tied to the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) as the majority of the left.
However, the Green top candidate Ulrike Lunacek ruled out a coalition with Kurz's ÖVP after the 2017 Austrian legislative election due to its more right-wing course.
When the coalition system was changed to in 1999, the Greens were no longer represented in the government, despite receiving roughly the same share of the vote.
Due to heavy losses for the ÖVP and only slight gains for the Greens, the two parties together continued to have a majority in the state government composed according to the proportional representation system, but no longer in the Landtag of Upper Austria.
The 2013 Tyrolean state election brought about a black-green coalition, governed by Governor Günther Platter (ÖVP) and Ingrid Felipe (Greens).
Black–green coalitions govern in several larger and smaller cities in Austria, including Bregenz, Klosterneuburg, Mödling, Baden bei Wien and, from 2008 to 2012, Graz.
After the 2020 Irish general election, a coalition was formed between Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and the Green Party, in which - within the framework of the Israeli model - first Micheál Martin and then (again) Leo Varadkar served as Taoiseach.
