The black-breasted wood quail (Odontophorus leucolaemus) is a bird species in the family Odontophoridae.

[4] Populations around Dota in Costa Rica have sometimes been split as a distinct subspecies, O. l. smithianus on the basis of differences in plumage, but they are generally considered a melanistic morph.

[2] Like other Odontophorus species, the black-breasted wood quail is gregarious year-round and usually travels in coveys of 10–15 individuals in undergrowth on forested slopes.

Nesting occurs at the start of the rainy season in May and June, but vocal activity is most intense from March-April.

Nests are round hollows in leaf litter, with their entrances pointing slightly downwards, and are guarded by parties of adults.