Liverpool has the United Kingdom's oldest and longest established black community, going back several generations.
Liverpool's port attracted many servicemen and seafarers, including African Americans, Jamaicans, Trinidadians, Belizeans, Guyanese, Nigerians, Ghanaians, Gambians, and others from all over the Caribbean and Africa.
The Liverpool Black community experienced unrest early on, with race riots going back to the time of soldiers returning from the First World War.
In 1919 white mobs descended on the predominantly black/mixed-race areas of Toxteth, leading to the drowning of a black former sailor Charles Wootton, from the North Atlantic Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda.
[6][7] Between 31 July and 2 August 1948, Liverpool experienced three nights of racial violence on a scale not witnessed since the end of the First World War.