[7]: 5 The park is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of Turner Valley along Alberta Highway 546.

[8] Alberta Highway 546, the main access to the park, is closed from 1 December to 15 May each year west of the Sandy McNabb Recreation Area.

This closure provides an important winter range for Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep and other wildlife.

[7]: 5  In the National Ecological Framework for Canada used by Environment and Climate Change Canada, the eastern portion of the park is in the Bragg Creek Foothills ecodistrict of the Western Alberta Upland ecoregion of the Boreal Foothills ecoprovince of the Boreal Plains ecozone.

Other main landforms are scenic canyons of the Sheep River and several tributary creeks which have carved out of the softer shales and sandstones.

[7]: 10 The Köppen climate classification of the park is Continental, Subarctic (Dfc) characterized by long, cold winters, and short, warm to cool summers.

[13] Using the data from a weather stations within Sheep River Provincial Park, Sheep River II, for 1991 to 2020, the average daily temperatures exceeds 10 °C (50 °F) only for June, July, and August while average daily temperatures are less than 0 °C (32 °F) for November through March.

In wet areas, the grass and shrublands are water sedge, tufted hairgrass, bog birch and willow dominated.

On south-facing slopes at lower elevations, rough fescue, sedge, and Richardson's needlegrass dominate.

At higher elevations on steeper slopes, Hairy wild rye and rough fescue dominate.

[7]: 12–13 South and west facing slopes exposed to direct sun and the influence of prevailing and Chinook winds that quickly remove snow provide grazing for large ungulates.

[7]: 14 Upland game birds found in the park include blue, ruffed, and spruce grouse.

Examples of species include Peregrine falcon, golden and bald eagles, gyrfalcons, and Turkey vultures.

Since 2001, the Sheep River and its tributaries upstream of the Gorge Creek have been closed to fishing to protect the spawning area for bull trout population.