[2] The pre-production version of the F/A-18 was an ideal aircraft for proving AAW technology, a relatively high wing aspect ratio for a fighter, with adequate strength, but no additional stiffness needed to be added to change its twisting behaviour.

In particular, almost all modern aircraft use some form of slat along the wing leading edge to provide more lift during certain portions of flight.

To test the AAW theory, NASA and the USAF agreed to fund development of a single demonstrator, based on the F/A-18.

Work started by taking an existing F/A-18 airframe modified with a preproduction wing, and added an outboard leading edge flap drive system and an updated flight control computer.

The test aircraft was re-designated X-53 on August 16, 2006, per memo by USAF Deputy Chief of Staff, Strategic Plans and Programs.