Bolan Pass

Bolan Pass (Urdu: درۂ بولان) is a valley and a natural gateway[2] through the Toba Kakar range[citation needed] in Balochistan province of Pakistan.

The pass is an 89 km (55 miles) stretch of the Bolan River valley from Rindli in the south to Darwāza near Kolpur in the north.

[7] The mountain ranges of the Bolan pass are the southern geographic border between the Indian Plate and the Iranian plateau.

[11] In 1837, threatened by a possible Russian invasion of South Asia via the Khyber and Bolān Passes, a British envoy was sent to Kabul to gain support of the Emir, Dost Mohammed.

A British officer of the Bengal Artillery described the Bolan Pass in 1841 in these words: "The road through this pass leads, with few and rare exceptions, along what is the bed of a mountain-torrent, when filled by the melting of the snows or heavy rains, and is composed of loose shingly gravel, that recedes from under your feet, and is very difficult for draught: camels get on well.

It is infested by the Kakurs, who live by robbery; and the hills sometimes close in upon the road, which is filled up by the bed of the stream, running through rocky chasms, upwards of a hundred feet high, from the top of which the robbers assail the travellers with stones; and were they as bold as they are cruel and perfidious, they might hold the place against all comers.

Many spots were pointed out to me by the guides I had with me, as signalised by acts of violence, several European officers having lost their baggage during our occupation of the country.

[13] From Sibi, the line runs south-west, skirting the hills to Rindli and originally followed the course of the Bolan stream to its head on the plateau.

Since 1877, when the Quetta agency was founded, the pass was secured by the British Indian Army from militias of Baloch tribesmen (chiefly Marris).

"Entrance to the Bolan Pass from Dadur"; Sketch by James Atkinson , 1842
Tank locomotive, built around 1907 for service on the Bolān Pass railway