He was the eldest son of Duke Bolko I of Opole by his wife Agnes, probably a daughter of Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg.
On 18 February 1327, together with the other Silesian dukes, Bolesław paid homage to King John of Bohemia in Opawa.
One year later (in 1328) in order to fulfill his new responsibilities as vassal of Bohemia, he took part in the crusade against the pagan Lithuania.
In 1336, as a reward for his faithful services, the king authorized Bolesław to buy the town of Prudnik with the surroundings villages by the amount of 2,000 fines.
In 1355 Bolesław took part in the trip of King Charles I of Bohemia to Rome, where the latter was crowned Holy Roman emperor.