Viceroy Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco indicated the jurisdiction of this entity from the "city of La Plata with more than one hundred leagues of land around each part".

In 1777, it was declared permanent, covering the current territories of Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, parts of southern Brazil and northern Chile.

On February 1, 1796, with another Royal Decree, the Intendancy of Puno became dependent on the Viceroyalty of Peru; thus also the districts of Paucarcolla and Chucuito, which until then corresponded to the Audiencia de Charcas, passed to that of Cusco.

After the abdication of Charles IV and his son Ferdinand VII, in favor of French Emperor Napoleon; government juntas were formed throughout Spanish America.

The movement, faithful in principle to King Ferdinand VII, served as a framework for the actions of the radical sectors that spread the rebellion to La Paz, both being brutally repressed by the Spanish forces.

Given the failure of the expeditions sent to fight the Spanish, the Peruvian Congress invited Simón Bolívar, president of Gran Colombia, to consolidate the independence of Peru.

[13] In addition, the coastal border was established on the Sama river, for which Peru ceded the province of Tacna, being compensated by the province of Apolobamba/Caupolicán, the town of Copacabana and paying the amount of 5,000,000 pesos to the creditors from Peru:[10][14][15] The dividing line of the two Peruvian and Bolivian Republics, taking it from the coast of the Pacific Sea, will be the Morro de los Diablos or the cape of Sama or Laquiaca located at 18° latitude, between the ports of Ilo and Arica up to the port of Sama; from where it will continue through the deep ravine in the Sama Valley, to the Tacora mountain range: leaving the port of Arica to Bolivia, and the others included from 18° to 21° and all the territory belonging to the province of Tacna and others towns located south of this line.The treaty was ratified by the Bolivian congress, but the Peruvian government, led by Andrés de Santa Cruz, did not approve it.

[18] On July 6, 1828, a treaty was signed between generals Agustín Gamarra and José María Pérez de Urdininea, by which it was agreed, among other things, the withdrawal of the Gran Colombian troops from Bolivia and the resignation of the presidency by Sucre.

[21] With distrust present and the belief that a Colombian danger was still latent, Peru sought an alliance with Bolivia and a boundary agreement, entrusting the negotiations to Mariano Alejo Álvarez [es] in La Paz and Manuel Bartolomé Ferreyros, who dealt with Casimiro Olañeta in Arequipa.

[12][22][23] Likewise, a trade treaty was signed, in which equal rights were approved, navigation in Lake Titicaca was declared free and some articles necessary for the industry and agriculture of both countries were exempted.

These must be rivers, lakes or mountains, in the event that neither Peru nor Bolivia refuse to make the disposals that are convenient to satisfy this object on the condition that they mutually provide the competent indemnities or compensations that are to the satisfaction of both parties.On October 10, 1848, by the Peruvian minister Cipriano Coronel Zegarra [es] and the Bolivian Casimiro Olañeta, an agreement was signed in Sucre, revising the pact signed the previous year.

[19][29][34][35] A commission will be appointed by both Governments to prepare a topographical map of their borders, with the aim of restoring one to another State the lands confused between the current borders, reestablishing for this purpose their old markings, in order to avoid doubts and confusions in hereinafter, and obliging both States to conserve the territory that has always belonged to them, and not to request or request any territory from the other, by alienation, compensation or any other reason of any kind.On October 23, 1851, a fluvial convention was signed by Bartolomé Herrera (for Peru) and Duarte Da Ponte Ribeyro (for Brazil).

[36] To prevent doubts regarding the mentioned Border, in the stipulations of this Convention; the high contracting parties accept the uti possidetis principle according to which the limits between the Republic of Peru and the Empire of Brazil will be fixed; Therefore, they recognize, respectively, as the border of the town of Tabatinga, and from Tabatinga to the North the straight line that will meet in front of the Yapurá River at its confluence with the Apaporis, and from Tabatinga to the South the Yavary River, from its confluence with the Amazon.When the Granadine government was made aware of this agreement, it ordered its minister in Chile, Manuel Ancízar, to raise a protest in April 1853; stating that it violated the Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1777.

[38] On the contrary, the Peruvian position affirmed that the 1851 agreement only defined a part of the dividing line between its country and Brazil, in the known territories of the Amazon, admitting that it was a mistake not to complete the delimitation at that time, as His Foreign Minister José de la Riva Agüero pointed it out, at the end of the work of the Peruvian-Brazilian commission: With the work of the demarcation commission appointed in accordance with article 3 of the 1851 treaty completed, one of the most important stipulations of that international pact has been fulfilled.

But Your Excellency is not unaware that the 1851 Treaty in regard to the demarcation of limits between the two countries is deficient; because, although it specifies them up to the indicated slopes, it says nothing beyond that point, leaving, therefore, the work of closing the picture with the empire until meeting the limits with Bolivia incomplete.In 1853, a crisis occurred between Peru and Bolivia: the Peruvian diplomat Manuel Ortiz de Zevallos was expelled by Bolivian President Manuel Isidoro Belzu, due to his protests over the circulation of Bolivian currency in southern Peru.

Given this, the Peruvian Congress authorized President José Rufino Echenique to declare war on Bolivia, ordering the occupation of the port of Cobija.

In this treaty, in addition to dealing with peace and friendship between the two states, it was agreed to appoint the commission to study the topographic map of the border and the limits that both republics had at the time were recognized, and the status quo should subsist, while the two countries presented their legal titles.

[29][41] Both contracting parties, in order to remove any reason for misunderstanding between them, undertake to definitively fix the limits of their respective territories, naming within the term that is designated by mutual agreement after the exchange of the ratifications of the following Treaty, a mixed commission to draw up the topographic map of its borders and verify the demarcation, in accordance with the data and instructions that will be given in due time by both parties, and whose work will be taken into account for a boundary treaty that will be soon concluded later.In 1863, border discussions began between Brazil and Bolivia.

The Peruvian Congress issued a resolution on February 5, 1877, which declared:[46] The Congress, taking into consideration the need to indicate the limits of the Republic, has resolved: that the [Peruvian] Executive propose to the Bolivian Executive the appointment of a mixed commission to study and present, in the shortest possible time, a project of the most convenient demarcation of limits between both countries.On February 14, 1879, the Bolivian city of Antofagasta was occupied by Chilean troops, and Bolivia invoked the 1873 treaty to request Peru's intervention in the conflict.

[47] On April 20, 1886, a preliminary boundary agreement was signed in La Paz between the Peruvian Plenipotentiary Manuel María del Valle and the Bolivian Foreign Minister Juan C. Carrillo.

He maintained that the Tequeje and the Madidi had constituted the ancient limit between Upper and Lower Peru, in addition to the fact that the acts of domination that Bolivia practiced in those territories would not diminish the rights of his country.

The Bolivian Foreign Ministry responded that the concessions had been made to carry out the geographical studies that would facilitate the demarcation, and that, when the Yavarí headwaters were established in 1874, the Peruvian-Bolivian dispute had ended.

[51][52] On October 10, 1891, Peru and Brazil concluded a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation in Rio de Janeiro, the work of the Peruvian plenipotentiary Guillermo Seoane [es] and the Brazilian Foreign Minister Justo Leite Chermont.

Peruvian Foreign Minister Enrique de la Riva Agüero demanded the revocation of these measures, opposed to the 1863 treaty, which established the status quo.

[56][57] The Peruvian chancellor Enrique de la Riva Agüero delivered in April 1898 to the Bolivian plenipotentiary Claudio Pinilla a proposal on the bases of a mixed commission of studies, direct negotiations and arbitration from Spain in case of disagreement.

[58] After the failure of the Polar mission, the Peruvian plenipotentiary Felipe de Osma y Pardo and the Bolivian foreign minister Eliodoro Villazón signed two agreements on September 23 and 30, 1902, on demarcation and arbitration in the question of limits.

A demarcation commission was to set the milestones of the border of the land area, from the Peruvian territories occupied at that time by Chile to the Suches River.

By the arbitration treaty, it was submitted to the decision of the Argentine government to whom the territories of the river zone should belong, in accordance with the provisions and titles emanating from the Spanish power, in force in 1810.

The border between the Republic of Bolivia and that of the United States of Brazil will be established as follows: Starting from the South latitude of 20° 08' 35” in front of the outlet of the Bahía Negra, in the Paraguay River, (…) the source of the Arroyo del Bahía, will continue to descend through it, until its mouth on the right bank of the Acre or Aquiry River, and will rise through it to its source (...) to the border with Peru.Pursuant to the 1902 treaty, both parties requested arbitration by the Argentine Republic.

[64] The dispute between both states had finally come to an end, with a minor escalation the following year due to a skirmish between both countries known as the Campaign of the Manuripi region.