Bonapartism

In this sense, a Bonapartiste was a person who either actively participated in or advocated for conservative, nationalist, monarchist, and imperial political factions in 19th-century France.

[2] In the 21st century, the term is more generally used for political movements that advocate for an authoritarian centralised state, with a strongman and charismatic leader, support for the military, and conservatism.

Karl Marx, a student of Jacobinism and the French Revolution, was a contemporary critic of the Second Republic and the Second Empire.

He used "Bonapartism" to refer to a situation in which counter-revolutionary military officers seize power from revolutionaries, and use selective reforms to co-opt the radicalism of the popular classes.

Marx argued that in the process, Bonapartists preserve and mask the power of a narrower ruling class.

[citation needed] Noted political scientists and historians greatly differ on the definition and interpretation of Bonapartism.

[3] Karl Marx was a student of Jacobinism and the French Revolution, as well as a contemporary critic of the Second Republic and Second Empire.

He used the term Bonapartism to refer to a situation in which counter-revolutionary military officers seize power from revolutionaries, and use selective reformism to co-opt the radicalism of the masses.