[3] However, in Nigeria, problems due to oil spillage caused by vandalism, affects both human and the ecosystem in detrimental ways.

Crude oil is a yellow to black colored liquid that exists by nature without artificial factors, observed in geological rock formations underneath the superficial parts of the earth.

[6] While the exploration of petroleum began in the late 1930s, the oil for commercial use was found at Oloibiri in the Niger delta region of Nigeria in 1956.

[10] The components of crude oil have a wide range, containing hydrocarbons and a mixture of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and trace metals.

For the purpose of remedial treatment as poison detoxification, anti-convulsion and dermal inflammation, people swallowed crude oil directly.

[12] As a way of complementing protein, most of people in the communities ate marine animals from coastal areas, which is a form of consuming crude oil indirectly.

These ecosystems are key element in agricultural productivity and main source for Nigerians, inhabiting in the oil-producing areas, to live.

[7] Therefore, some activists in Nigeria have spoiled pipelines, and key infrastructures which are related to crude oil and export flows are usually targeted.

[1] The exhibition of crude oil to human can affect mentality and occur symptoms such as anxiety, depression, headache, and sore eyes and throat.

A child, exposed to BLCO to cure febrile convulsion, had symptoms of “sequel of shock, acute renal failure, mechanical intestinal obstruction, extensive epidermolysis, conjunctivitis, mucositis, oesophagitis and chemical pneumonitis"[17] As BLCO contains materials like vanadium, nickel and PAH, those tend to be harmful and disturb possibility of antioxidant.

[12] Pollution problems by oil spills like soils contamination are continuous and prevalent, putting severe health and environmental threats.

[1] Petroleum contaminants are pernicious to nature and moreover, their hydrocarbon elements which are mutagenic and causing cancers, entail immunomodulatory impacts on humans and organisms as well.

Synthesis of catecholamine which enables total functions of body, emotions, and perception may be hindered by reduction of copper concentration.

[12] In addition to it, a rise in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes, in proportion to dose was seen in the rats, which were treated with BLCO for 21 days in a row.

Adedara and Farombi say that "Elevated level of intracellular hepatic GSH concentration observed in the BLCO-treated rats indicates an adaptive response to reduce damage and promote better survival under the conditions of oxidative stress induced by BLCO treatment".

Fishes which are exposed to crude oil get to have PAHs in their tissue and according to Wegwu and Omeodu, they “are activated to highly reactive epoxides by cytochrome P450-containing enzyme systems”.

[7] Isolates from coal power plant soil are being recognized as pseudomonas and show that they are able to “grow on both the aliphatic and aromatic fractions of petroleum".

Concentration of naphthene and aromatics components of crude oil noticeably decreased, implying the catabolic flexibleness of pseudomonas isolates.

[16] The abilities of decomposition differ but it has proved that some bacteria in soil are capable of biodegradation of bonny light oil.

[14] After 4weeks of exposure, the level of MDA remarkably increased in the proportion to the amount of crude oil, and liquid peroxidation was the highest in the tadpoles which are treated with WSF.

[14] Compared to 2weeks of exposure, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD and glutathione reductase (GR), were reduced in week 4.