The department includes the Mennonite colonies of Fernheim, Menno and its administrative center Loma Plata and Neuland.

Boquerón Department is located in the Occidental Region of Paraguay, between the southern parallels 20° 06' and 23° 50' of latitude, and the western meridians 50° 20' and 62° 40' of longitude.

It is the largest department of Paraguay, with an area of 91,669 km2 (35,394 sq mi), slightly larger than Hungary or the province of South Sumatra.

North: Alto Paraguay Department, separated by an arbitrary straight line that goes from Hito IV Fort Tte.

South: Argentina, separated by the Pilcomayo River, from Misión San Lorenzo to Hito I Esmeralda.

East: Presidente Hayes Department, separated by the road that connects Misión San Lorenzo with Fort Gral.

Díaz, Ávalos Sánchez, Zenteno, Dr. Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Boquerón, Isla Po'í and Casanillo; and from this point, by an imaginary straight line until "km 160".

[citation needed] On 14 November 2009, Pratts Gill, a small town in the Boquerón Department, recorded a temperature of 45.0 °C (113.0 °F).

[1] The trees in the area are short and thorny; there are brushwood and cactus, dunes and small hills, especially in the north of the department.

This department is characterized by its native population, the Mennonites, the Paraguayans, the Brazilians and other foreign residents in the country.

The National Census in 2002 registered 45,617 people living in Boquerón, mostly Native Americans (19,945, or 43.7%, distributed in the following ethnic groups: Nivaclé, Manjui, Guarayos, Angaité, Ayoreos, Guaraní-Ñandéva, Tapieté and Toba-Maskóy).

Distance is the main challenge for both students and teachers; it can be difficult to get to the educational institutions, leading people to drop out of school.

La Voz del Chaco Paraguayo AM, broadcasts to the entire Occidental Region, reaching places where communication is usually difficult.

Rural and ecological tourism has become very popular in the Central Chaco, where people can witness the life and process of adaptation of the colonial immigrants.

Many tourists and students visit the native villages and colonies that are dedicate to cattle and some other industries; most of them leave very pleased by the experience.

The Boquerón, Toledo and Isla Po'í forts are very popular; in these places, traces remain of the Chaco War, an important part of Paraguayan history.