The exact date of establishment of the party is unknown, while its main newspaper "Trudovaya mysl" declared for its appearance for the first time in February–March 1918.
Soon after its establishment the party members emigrated to Moscow due to occupation of Ukraine by the armed forces of Central Powers.
Beside that action the party was preparing assassination of the Hetman, Minister of Land Affairs, and other German and Austrian generals.
Individual terror against the government officials and representatives of the German command they viewed as unacceptable and non-allowable form of fighting.
The party was organizing its own peasant insurgent squads and created its own Military-Revolutionary Headquarters announcing a major uprising on October 15, 1918.