Borden is one of four remaining prohibition or entirely dry counties in the state of Texas.

Shoshone and the Penateka band of Comanches were early tribes in the area.

[6] Farmers and ranchers settled the county, but the population remained relatively small.

The architect was David S. Castle Co.[7] Oil was discovered in the county in 1949.

[9] As of the census[16] of 2000, 729 people, 292 households, and 216 families resided in the county.

Around 22.60% of all households consisted of individuals, and 9.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The largest self-reported ancestry groups in Borden County are:[17] · English – 17% · Irish – 15% · German – 12% · Mexican – 9% · French (except Basque) – 3% · Scotch-Irish – 3% · Other Hispanic or Latino – 3% · Scottish – 2% · Spanish – 1% · American Indian tribes, specified – 1% The county is served mostly by Borden County Independent School District, with remaining portions in the Sands Consolidated Independent School District.

[19] The weekly newspaper, the Borden Star, covers events for the school and county.