Approximately 375 Jewish Italians and 349 refugees from other countries (119 from Poland as well as refugees from France, the Soviet Union, Germany, Austria, Romania, Hungary, Croatia and Greece), were held at Borgo San Dalmazzo until deported to Auschwitz and other German camps where all but a few were murdered.

The camp was established on 18 September 1943, ten days after the surrender of Italy to the Allies, in a former Alpini barracks of the Royal Italian Army near the railway station of Borgo.

With local assistance, a large number of the Jewish refugees managed to hide, but 349 people (201 men and 148 women) either presented to the authorities or were captured and moved to the Borgo San Dalmazzo concentration camp.

On 21 November, the 328 non-Italian Jews remaining in the camp were, on orders from the Gestapo office in Nice, taken to the nearby train station, put in freight cars, and taken to either Fossoli di Carpi or Drancy, France.

[1][2][3] Many of those saved from deportation were helped by a local Catholic priest, Don Raimondo Viale, who provided food, shelter and, eventually, an opportunity to escape to Switzerland.

Following this final deportation, the Borgo San Dalmazzo concentration camp was permanently closed, although Jews continued to be arrested and executed in the area up to the end of the war.

The victims were refugees from Poland (119 persons), France, the Soviet Union, Germany, Austria, Romania, Hungary, Croatia and Greece.

In 2006 a memorial was erected at the Borgo San Dalmazzo railway station to honor the victims of the deportations.