Born–Infeld model

It was introduced by Max Born and Leopold Infeld in 1934,[1] with further work by Paul Dirac in 1962.

[2][3][4][5][6] Born–Infeld electrodynamics is named after physicists Max Born and Leopold Infeld, who first proposed it.

The Lagrangian density is where η is the Minkowski metric, F is the Faraday tensor (both are treated as square matrices, so that we can take the determinant of their sum), and b is a scale parameter.

The maximal possible value of the electric field in this theory is b, and the self-energy of point charges is finite.

For electric and magnetic fields much smaller than b, the theory reduces to Maxwell electrodynamics.