The government has instituted a complete economic blockade of the island in addition to an extended campaign of aerial bombardment and violence against its civilian population.
An explanation of the conflict's causes reveals that the installation of an open cut copper mine at Panguna had initially offered promise of economic prosperity for the region.
Bougainville residents eventually determined that the mine project entailed significant ecological damage and social exploitation.
Through interviews, "Bougainvillians" discuss their initial recognition of the consequences of this mine, which led to the poisoning of their water supply and the degradation of farmlands and jungle habitat.
The blockade prevents them from receiving medical and humanitarian aid, leading to declining health and the emergence of leprosy cases.