Established in 1929 as a tribute to the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) of World War I, the school caters for approximately 850 students from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom five percent identified as Indigenous Australians and twelve percent were from a language background other than English.

The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education; and the current principal is Jason Conroy.

[9] In the mid-1920s, plans were made by the Bowral Parents and Citizens' Association (PCA) to erect a separate high school building from land purchased by the New South Wales Department of Education.

[11][12] In February 1928, enrolment at Bowral Intermediate High increased to 303 students, 51 more than the previous year, prompting the PCA to continue pressuring the government to build the school.

[2] On 8 June 1929, the Minister of Education David Henry Drummond and the mayor of Bowral laid the foundation stone for the new high school building.

[16] The building would be a two-story structure similar to Goulburn High School, and would accommodate about 420 students and 11 classrooms.

It had an assembly hall, staff rooms, men's and women's lavatories, open-air balconies, and other features, The original estimate from builder W. A. Gazzard was £20,000,[17] and later totaled about £25,000.

A petition was brought forth to add domestic science (cooking, dietetics, physiology, hygiene) and agriculture classes.

[27] Bowral, along with Moss Vale High School follows the enrolment standards from the Education Reform Act 1990 where students are allocated based on their designated residential zones.

Students are taught in the subjects of "English, mathematics, science, technology, creative arts, personal development, health and physical education, human society and its environment, languages".

[37][38] In more recent years, the competitions have also included non-sporting events such as masterchef, spelling bees and computing.