Brachyhyops is an extinct genus of entelodont artiodactyl mammal that lived during the Eocene Epoch of western North America and southeastern Asia (including Mongolia, China, and Kazakhstan).

[1][2][3][4] The first fossil remains of Brachyhyops are recorded from the late Eocene deposits of Beaver Divide in central Wyoming and discovered by paleontology crews from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History during the early 20th century.

[1][2][7] The specimen consists of a single, exceptionally well preserved, but severely distorted, isolated skull with no mandibles or post cranial material.

In addition, the zygomatic arches are deepened and expanded below and behind the eye socket, contributing to the wide skull shape, which is very similar to other entelodonts.

Articulation surfaces for the lower jaws; the glenoids, are broad, shallow, and situated around the occlusal line of the upper cheek teeth.

More recent studies revised the evolutionary relationship of Brachyhyops and it has now been recognized as a very basal entelodontid that might represent the origin of the clade Entelodontidae,[5][8] which also includes members such as the Oligocene Archaeotherium and Miocene Daeodon.

The oldest fossil material that is assigned to Brachyhyops is early to upper Eocene in age, and recorded from six Asian localities, predominantly Mongolia, China, with the lone exception of a single location in Kazakhstan.

[3] Their geographic range is restricted to western North America and spans from Saskatchewan, Canada to as far south as Big Bend, Texas, USA.

The third locality yielded cranial fragments that are assigned to B. viensis and were recorded from the lower strata of the White River Formation at Canyon Creek, approximately 50 km east of Beaver Divide.

[3] Additional Brachyhyops wyomingensis material was recorded from a single location in northeastern Utah, namely the Lapoint Member of the Duchesne River Formation, which has an age of approximately 39.74 ± 0.07 Ma based on radioisotopic dates from nearby volcanic ashes.

Despite their heterodont tooth condition, there has been a considerable amount of debate regarding the diet of Brachyhyops and various other entelodontids with similar dentition, such as Archaeotherium and Daeodon.

The habitat in which Brachyhyops occurred appears to be savannah-woodland or open grassland and lived alongside a diversity of other herbivores and carnivores in Eocene Asia and western North America.