The BOC has multiple sources of income, but its principal means of funding is its 2% share of all the profits from the Brazilian National Lottery and other games of chance.

The BOC is presided by Paulo Wanderley Teixeira, and its principal project is the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro.

This means that the BOC does not hold Olympic Trials; all Brazilian athletes that meet the requirements set forth by their sport's International Federation for participation in the Games are automatically enrolled by the BOC in their respective Olympic event — if the country has a limited number of berths in any given event in the Games and the number of athletes meeting the criteria for qualification exceeds it, the BOC will then respect the official rankings of the sport, or any other criterion used by the sport's Federation for ranking purposes, and enroll the top ranked athletes to the limit of berths assigned to the country in the Games.

This could be observed, for instance, in the Weightlifting event of the 2004 Summer Games, when no Brazilian athlete participated, even though the BOC could have requested a special inclusion for representation purposes.

In 2004, when it was time to submit the bids for the 2012 games (ultimately awarded to London, Great Britain), the city of São Paulo contested the automatic choice of Rio de Janeiro as the natural Brazilian candidate.