[3] In 2009, Oberholtzer was assigned to the Appalachian League's Danville Braves, where he made the first 12 starts of his professional career.

[3] He made his full-season baseball debut in 2010, splitting the season between the Single–A Rome Braves and the High–A Myrtle Beach Pelicans.

[3] In 2011, Oberholtzer was assigned to the Double–A Mississippi Braves, where he won the Southern League's pitcher of the week award on July 25 and was named a mid-season All-Star.

[3] On July 25, 2011, the Braves traded Oberholtzer to the Houston Astros alongside Juan Abreu, Paul Clemens, and Jordan Schafer in exchange for Michael Bourn.

[5] Oberholtzer was assigned to the Double–A Corpus Christi Hooks for the remainder of the 2011 minor league season, and pitched to a 2–3 record, 5.27 ERA, and 28 strikeouts.

[7] In his five minor league starts, Oberholtzer posted a 1–2 win–loss record with a 4.65 ERA and 31 strikeouts in 31 total innings.

[7] He was designated for assignment on October 28, and later cleared waivers and was sent outright to the Triple–A Salt Lake Bees on November 2.

[20] In 24 games (23 starts) for the Triple–A Albuquerque Isotopes, he compiled a 7–10 record and 5.77 ERA with 91 strikeouts across 132+2⁄3 innings pitched.

On July 27, 2019, Oberholtzer signed with the Chinatrust Brothers of the Chinese Professional Baseball League.

[24] He did not play a game for the team due to the cancellation of the ALPB season because of the COVID-19 pandemic and became a free agent after the year.