Prior to playing professionally, he attended Maine South High School and then the College of Charleston.

On August 7, 2008, Schlitter was traded to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for pitcher Scott Eyre.

He began 2010 with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs, with whom he went 1-1 with a 4.09 ERA in 27 relief appearances prior to his call up to the major leagues.

[3] Schlitter was optioned back to Triple A on August 3, 2010, a day after hitting Milwaukee Brewers center fielder Carlos Gómez on the head with a pitch.

On March 29, the Cubs announced that he had made the 2014 major league opening day roster.

Schlitter did not make the Opening Day roster in 2015 and was assigned to Iowa to begin the year.

[15] Schlitter struggled to a 7.36 ERA in 10 major league appearances and was designated for assignment on August 27, 2015.

On November 18, 2015, Schlitter signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies organization that included an invitation to Spring Training.

On November 10, 2016, Schlitter signed with the Saitama Seibu Lions of Nippon Professional Baseball.

On February 13, 2018, Schlitter signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers.

[26] However, Schlitter did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

On June 15, 2022, Schlitter signed with the Chicago Dogs of the American Association of Professional Baseball.

[34] On July 10, 2024, Schlitter signed with the Chicago Dogs of the American Association of Professional Baseball.