Shannon switching game

The Shannon switching game is a connection game for two players, invented by American mathematician and electrical engineer Claude Shannon, the "father of information theory", some time before 1951.

One player has the goal of connecting two distinguished vertices by a path of edges of their color.

The game is commonly played on a rectangular grid; this special case of the game was independently invented by American mathematician David Gale in the late 1950s and is known as Gale or Bridg-It.

The game always terminates after a finite number of moves, and one of the two players has to win.

Either Short, Cut, or the player moving first is guaranteed the existence of a winning strategy on any given graph.

A commercial board game implementing the scheme was marketed in 1960 by Hassenfeld Brothers under the name Bridg-It.

[7] The game consisted of a plastic board with two interleaved 5x6 rectangular grids of pedestals (one set yellow, the other red), two sets of 20 each red and yellow plastic bridges, and matching pegs to mount them on.

Players alternate drawing in a vertical or horizontal line connecting any two adjacent dots.

An extension of Gale, called Qua, is played by three players on a 3D game board cube composed of a grid of N3 cells.

including the two distinguished vertices, as well as two disjoint subsets of the remaining unchosen edges supported on