"[5]The position of the old castle itself was advantageous to modern warfare, as it was discovered that the swift river current made naval bombardment impractical.

[6] Soon after taking possession, the English garrison further fortified Broughty by building a ditch across the landward side of the castle's promontory.

Edward Clinton began the refortification, on the advice of an Italian engineer, Master John Rossetti, and left 100 men guarded by three ships.

[7] The garrison was first led by Sir Andrew Dudley, the Duke of Northumberland's brother, who hoped to distribute Tyndale's Bible in Dundee.

[8] Andrew Dudley wrote in October 1547; "as for soldiers, there was never man had so weak a company, given all to eating and drinking and slothfulness", although, "the house stands well.

[11] The Earl of Argyll tried to capture the castle on 22 November 1547 and again in January 1548 with 150 men led by the soldier Duncan Dundas, without success.

[13] On 12 January 1548, one hundred matchlock guns were delivered from Berwick, with powder flasks, matches, touch boxes, and bullet moulds.

[15] In February 1548, 100 workmen were sent from Berwick and new armaments including falcon guns, cannonballs for demi-culverins, bows, bills, pikes, cresset lights, cables and anchors.

Palmer set to work fortifying the hill in February and also considered ambitious plans to build a citadel in Dundee with the demolition of the church and tolbooth.

[21] Thomas Wyndham and his nephew Luttrell's activities on the Forth were called into question in November 1549, and the Earl of Rutland was required to investigate whether one of the ships they had seized was a lawful prize.

[22] On Christmas Day 1549, Mary of Guise held a conference at Stirling Castle with her guests, and they agreed that more French guns could be brought to besiege Broughty.

[23] Twelve English ships arrived to support the defenders and it was 12 February 1550 before the French and Scots managed to recapture Broughty.

His ransom of £1000 Scots was raised on 16 May 1550 as an exchange for the sons of George Douglas of Pittendreich and the Master of Semple who were prisoners in England.