The brown-mantled tamarin is considered a species of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, despite a decreasing population and being threatened by poaching, habitat loss and capture for the illegal pet trade.

[6] The brown-mantled tamarin is found within South America with their geographic range from Brazil, Peru and Bolivia.

[4][5] This primate species is found predominantly in the Andes Mountains throughout the Amazon River Basin, they tend to inhabit primary and secondary lowland tropical forests.

The brown-mantled tamarin is sympatric with the pygmy marmoset, sharing the same habitat in South American countries, and will often raid the gum holes of this species.

This species possess a well developed olfactory communication system with specialized glands in the anogenital, suprapubic, and sternal regions; they can perceive information about species, subspecies, sex, and individual identity in the sender's scent marks as well as females relaying the status of their reproductive condition through their scents.

Polyandry is more common within groups of brown-mantled tamarins because of the high frequency of twin births making it difficult for the mother to take care of her offspring's at once, as a result, alloparenting highly prevails where nonreproductive helpers and polyandrous males aid with infant care.

The gestation period for this species is roughly 150 days, and babies are not fully weaned from their mothers until 3–4 months and reach maturity at the age of 2.

[15] The brown mantled tamarin is listed as Least-concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) but is slowly becoming in danger of extinction through destruction of habitat for logging or clearing of land for farming, poaching and being captured for the illegal pet trade.