Bruria Kaufman (Hebrew: ברוריה קאופמן; August 21, 1918 – January 7, 2010) was an Israeli American theoretical physicist.

She contributed to Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, to statistical physics, where she used applied spinor analysis to rederive the result of Lars Onsager on the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model, and to the study of the Mössbauer effect, on which she collaborated with John von Neumann and Harry Lipkin.

Kaufman moved to Arizona and married the Nobel laureate Willis Eugene Lamb in 1996, although the marriage ended in divorce.

[3] Kaufman was a research associate at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton from 1948 to 1955, where she worked with John von Neumann (1947/48) and with Albert Einstein (1950–1955).

Prof. Bruria Kaufman‘s main academic contribution was finding an elegant solution based on group theory to the two-dimensional Ising model, together with Lars Onsager in 1949.