Foundation (engineering)

Foundations provide the structure's stability from the ground: The design and the construction of a well-performing foundation must possess some basic requirements:[2] Buildings and structures have a long history of being built with wood in contact with the ground.

[5] In marine construction and bridge building a crisscross of timbers or steel beams in concrete is called grillage.

[9] One disadvantage is that if using regular steel rebars, the gabion would last much less long than when using mortar (due to rusting).

One common type is the spread footing which consists of strips or pads of concrete (or other materials) which extend below the frost line and transfer the weight from walls and columns to the soil or bedrock.

Some common applications for helical pile foundations include wooden decks, fences, garden houses, pergolas, and carports.

A type of deep foundation which uses a single, generally large-diameter, structural element embedded into the earth to support all the loads (weight, wind, etc.)

Many monopile foundations[10] have been used in recent years for economically constructing fixed-bottom offshore wind farms in shallow-water subsea locations.

[11] For example, a single wind farm off the coast of England went online in 2008 with over 100 turbines, each mounted on a 4.74-meter-diameter monopile footing in ocean depths up to 16 meters of water.