The first Bukharan Jews to make Aliyah arrived in the 1870s and 1880s, establishing the Bukharim quarter in Jerusalem.

[4][3] In 1948 began the "Black Years of Soviet Jewry," where suppression of the Jewish religion resumed after stopping due to war.

[6] The Six-Day War led to a rise in Jewish patriotism among Bukharan Jews and many carried out demonstrations as refuseniks.

This led to most Jews in the Fergana Valley immigrating to Israel or the United States.

[3] In 1992, there was a secret airlift operation which brought a small number of Bukharan Jews from Tajikistan to Israel.