Bula Croker, birth name Beulah Benton Edmondson, (February 17, 1884 – March 16, 1957) was a Native American teacher and women's suffrage activist.
She rode a horse while dressed in Native attire in the 1913 suffrage parades in Washington, D. C. and along New York City's Fifth Avenue.
While entertaining socialites with tales of her Cherokee ancestry, she met Richard Croker, a former Tammany Hall political boss and the two quickly became engaged.
They married in 1914, despite a forty-year age difference, causing three of Richard's children from his first marriage to begin a series of lawsuits that would last for over fifteen years.
In each claim, Croker eventually prevailed; however, the string of lawsuits, costs associated with her defense, and delays on being able to sell the properties, led her to file bankruptcy in 1937.
[17][18] On March 3, she rode a black horse and wore a Native costume in the suffragist's parade held in Washington, D.C.[19][20] From Washington, she went to New York and on May 3, rode a piebald horse wearing Native clothes, down Fifth Avenue in the national suffrage parade,[21][22] which reportedly had between 35,000 and 40,000 participants.
[25] Edmondson lived at the Studio Club, an artists' cooperative which had been founded by members of the Young Women's Christian Association.
[10] She began taking music and voice lessons and to pay for them, she supplemented her income from the farm on her allotment, by giving drawing-room performances that were popular with New York society.
[28][29] The Muskogee Times Democrat recognized that she was using her Cherokee ancestry as a means to "seize an opportunity to make good".
[12] In 1914, Edmondson was introduced to former Tammany Hall political boss Richard Croker by Andrew Freedman, owner of the New York Giants and the Baltimore Orioles.
[39] Upon Richard's death, Croker's parents moved into the Wigwam to act as caretakers of the Palm Beach property.
[5] Her sister Cherrie, along with her husband Robert Garrett, and their daughter, Kathleen, moved into Glencairn in 1922 to help Croker run the estate.
[45][46] Initially the children won their suit in the US federal district court and the conveyances were voided, vesting title to the properties in the heirs and widow.
[45] Croker appealed, arguing that her and Richard's primary domicile was in Ireland because they spent the last years of his life there, built his crypt there, and saw him buried there.
[47] Croker continued to live in Ireland and winter in Florida until 1930, when she returned full-time to Palm Beach.
[36] Croker's sister Gonia joined the rest of the Edmondson family at the Wigwam after her husband George Tinnen's death in 1929.
She gave numerous programs focused on her Native heritage to raise funds for the Red Cross and other charities, and often lent her home as a venue for charitable causes.
[49] As one of the first women in Florida to serve as staff to a governor,[49][50] she was named chair of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation's local affiliate the Palm Beach County Emergency Relief and Civil Works Council.
[56] She went to Stillwater, Oklahoma where her sister Cherrie Garrett and her family were living to retrieve some of her husband's effects that they had taken from Glencairn.
[57][58] At the hearing, Robert Garrett said he was awarded the personal belongings because he had paid $6,000 of his own money to the Irish Tax Commission.
[39] Croker took out a treasure hunting license for Florida in 1945, which allowed her to search in Bay, Escambia, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton Counties.
[61] In 1948, Croker announced that she had secured treasure maps in 1936 which showed two hoards of pirate loot worth $76,000,000 off the Florida coast near Pensacola and was looking for a reputable partner to help her retrieve it.