In the German Peasants' War in 1525, Burgau supported the Leipheimer Haufen against Ulm, but was defeated by the Swabian League.

A significant Jewish community existed in Burgau from early medieval times to the beginning of the 17th century and reached its pinnacle in the 1500s.

[3] In 1805, by the Peace of Pressburg, Napoléon forced a defeated Emperor Francis II to cede Further Austria to French allies on his abdication and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, with Burgau passing to the new kingdom of Bavaria.

Towards the end of World War II, two subcamps of Dachau concentration camp — one for men, and one for women — were established in Burgau.

They were forced to work in miserable conditions in an aircraft hangar in Scheppach Forest; 18 died and were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Ichenhausen.

Bavarian regional reforms in 1978 merged the previously independent municipalities of Oberknöringen, Unterknöringen, Großanhausen, Kleinanhausen and Limbach into Burgau.

Now on Rosenmontag, disguised as a town soldier, his son Drummer Albert leads the children out of their schools and through the streets with his drum.