The Hüdavendigâr Vilayet produced wheat, barley, maize, beans, and seeds in the northern and western regions.

The Balıkhisar area produced "some of the finest fruit grown in Turkey.

In the mid 19th-century, a disease spread through the silkworm, causing a decline in production.

Towards the end of World War 1, the region was exporting approximately 300 tons of lignite monthly to Istanbul.

[8] Chromite, mercury, marble, fuller's earth, and antimony were also plentiful in the region in the early 20th century.

The vilayet in general had tree populations consisting of fir, oak, elm, chestnut, beech, and hornbeam.