Burton Clare Matthews (December 16, 1926 – January 2, 2004) was a Canadian soil scientist and an academic administrator.
In 1970, he was appointed President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Waterloo and was reappointed for a second six-year term in 1975.
In 1987, Matthews was appointed to the board of trustees of the International Center for the Improvement of Maize and Wheat and became its Chair in 1990.
He was a director of a number of corporations, including Mutual Life of Canada, Mutual Trust, Campbell Soup Company Ltd., John Wiley and Sons (Canada), as well as serving as president of the Canadian Society of Soil Science.
He was a member of Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society, a Freemason, and an Anglican.