Burton Salmon is a village and civil parish in the Selby district of North Yorkshire, England, close to the border with West Yorkshire, and approximately 3 miles (5 km) north from Knottingley, on the A162 road.

There is also a public house, The Plough Inn, dating from the 17th century, and a Methodist chapel.

The first originates in Old English and translates as "farmstead of the Britons" (Brettas, genitive Bretta) plus the word tūn, meaning "farmstead, village, settlement".

The second element, "Salmon" is a manorial affix, derived from the name Salamone, that of a man who held lands in the area in the 13th century.

Although not mentioned in the Domesday Book, the village was recorded as Brettona circa 1160, before the name of the estate holder was appended, and again as Burton Salamon in 1516.