Butler Buchanan Miltonberger (August 31, 1897 – March 23, 1977) was a United States Army major general who served as the first post-World War II Chief of the National Guard Bureau from 1946 to 1947.

He graduated from North Platte High School in spring 1916 and enlisted in Company E of the 5th Infantry Regiment, Nebraska National Guard on June 25, 1916.

The 34th Division was stripped of personnel repeatedly while training at Camp Cody, New Mexico, in order to provide replacements for other American Expeditionary Force units fighting in France, but Miltonberger sailed overseas with his unit in October 1918; it was subsequently broken up to provide replacements upon arrival in France, and Miltonberger was assigned to the 4th Division immediately before the armistice.

[4][5] On May 12, 1923, Miltonberger reenlisted in the Nebraska National Guard in North Platte and was commissioned a first lieutenant in Company D, 134th Infantry Regiment, 35th Division.

On December 23, 1940, the 35th Division was mobilized for one year of federal service by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and took part in the Louisiana Maneuvers in August and September 1941.

In January 1946, President Harry S. Truman, a fellow veteran of the 35th Infantry Division, nominated Miltonberger to be the first post-war Chief of the National Guard Bureau as a major general.

[14] Miltonberger became ill and entered the hospital in February 1947, and he was retired from active duty military service in September for disability after being diagnosed with chronic sarcoidosis of the lungs.