Cleofé Elsa Calderón (October 26, 1929 – March 19, 2007) was an Argentine agrostologist.

She studied at the University of Buenos Aires, with Lorenzo Parodi.

[1] In October 1971, Calderón performed field operations and collected living materials of a new genus of grasses; the genus was named after her: Calderonella.

[2] In 1976, Calderón rediscovered Anomochloa in Bahia, Brazil, with the help of assistant Talmon Soares dos Santos.

By identifying this tropical forest grass, Calderón provided specimens for detailed morphological and anatomical study that confirmed it as a grass.