[1] Pliocene sediments exposed in the northwest of the Granada basin were washed down by the Cacín from the Alpujarride reliefs of the Almijara/Tejeda massif.

[2] The Paleo-Genil or Alhambra system, which was fed by the mountains to the east and a small endorheic lake to the north, confined the eastern portion of the basin.

[1] In the latest Pliocene or earliest Pleistocene, the Genil river changed course to flow west, where it joined the paleo-Cacin system, and the basin became completely exorheic.

[2] The Cacín River originates in the Sierra de la Almijara, from an aquifer of Alpujárride Complex limestone in the higher level, with shale and quartzite lower down.

[4] The Cacín River forms in what is now the Los Bermejales Reservoir, where several streams from the Sierras of Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park converge.

[5] The canyon walls are home to many species of bird, including raptors such as common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), accipiter and Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo), colonies of western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula), rock dove (Columba livia), rock thrush (Monticola), wheatear (Oenanthe), bee-eater (Meropidaes), barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) and Eurasian crag martin (Ptyonoprogne rupestris).

[5] Neolithic people lived in the canyon 5,000 years ago, sheltering under its overhanging walls and using the river as source of food.