Caesar Augustus Rodney (January 4, 1772 – June 10, 1824) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware.

He was the nephew of Caesar Rodney, the signer of the Declaration of Independence who is depicted on the Delaware state quarter.

Encouraged by Jefferson to compete for the U.S. House against the staunch Federalist James A. Bayard, Rodney ran and won a lively campaign by fifteen votes.

In December of the same year, Rodney served as an impeachment manager in another such case against Samuel Chase, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

While Rodney spent most of his legal career in public service, he took on at least one notable case as a private advocate during the year before his appointment as Attorney General.

As Attorney General, Rodney participated as a member of the prosecution during the second treason trial of former Vice President Aaron Burr.

[1] Rodney was appointed to lead the commission to investigate whether the newly formed South American republics should be recognized.

He strongly advocated such recognition and, with Graham, published his findings in 1819 as Reports on the Present State of the United Provinces of South America.

Rodney died June 10, 1824, in Buenos Aires, and was buried there in the Victoria district British Cemetery.