[2] Caiapônia derives its name from the Caiapó Indians who had fought wars with settlers until the end of the nineteenth century.

Known as the city of the Thousand Waterfalls, the municipality has several rivers: Caiapó, Bonito, Paraíso, Peixe, Piranhas, Verdão, Claro and Doce.

Cachoeira de São Domingos is formed by the Piranhas River and has a fall of 40 meters (130 ft).

Access is difficult but once there one can see transparent waters protected by thick tropical vegetation, containing orchids of several colors.

The economy is based on cattle-raising, with the third largest herd in the state of Goiás (415,000 head in 2006) and large plantations of corn, soybeans, and rice.