Cairn Energy and Government of India dispute

[1][2] The case is closely linked to Cairn's partner in India, Vedanta, and to concepts such Ex post facto law in the form of retrospective taxation, bilateral investment treaties, and international arbitration between private and sovereign states.

Proceedings in the private investor-state arbitration (Cairn Energy PLC & Cairn UK Holdings Limited v. The Republic of India) at the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague began on 22 September 2015 under United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) rules.

[3][4] To enforce the arbitration award, Cairn has registered the award around the world including in countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Singapore, Mauritius, UAE, Cayman Islands and Netherlands.

[5] In July 2021, Tribunal judiciaire de Paris accepts Cairn's claim to seize Indian properties in France.

The case went to the Permanent Court of Arbitration and in September 2020, Vodafone got a ruling in its favour.