It was originally described as a subspecies of Caladenia filamentosa but the rich colour of its flowers and prominent labellum separate it from that species.

caesarea is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long and 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide.

The labellum is mustard-yellow with brownish-red stripes, projects prominently, has an irregularly serrated edge and two rows of shiny yellow calli along its centre.

Domin's description was published in Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany[5][6] but in 1989 Mark Clements and Stephen Hopper raised it to species status.

[9] The specific epithet (caesarea) is a Latin word meaning "emperor" or "ruler",[10] referring to the "stately, attractive flowers".