Around 1838, Andagao was organized into a fundacion (settlement) attached to visita (village) of Odiongan under the pueblo of Banton by the Spanish colonial authorities.

The following year, a Spanish friar named Padre Jose Aznar from the parish of Banton visited the place and planned the construction of its first Roman Catholic church made of wood and limestone.

In 1850, people started using family names beginning with letter "F" as decreed by Spanish Governor-General Narciso Claveria issued on 21 November 1848.

On 11 January 1868, Romblon became a fully pledged province and Andagao reverted to its former status as a visita and it was annexed to the town of Guintiguian (renamed Badajoz on August 28, 1868, now San Agustin).

Calatrava remained part of Badajoz municipality throughout the American colonial period until 4 June 1940, when Commonwealth Act No.

581 (authored by Congressman Leonardo Festin) was passed and created the special municipality of Tablas, with its seat at Odiongan.

On 4 June 1943, during the Second World War, the special municipality of Calatrava was created upon the sponsorship of the guerrilla movement regime under the Revolutionary Republic of the Philippines.

Poverty incidence of Calatrava Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] As a municipality in the Province of Romblon, government officials in the provincial level are voted by the electorates of the town.

Pursuant to Chapter II, Title II, Book III of Republic Act 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991,[23] the municipal government is composed of a mayor (alkalde), a vice mayor (bise alkalde) and members (kagawad) of the legislative branch Sangguniang Bayan alongside a secretary to the said legislature, all of which are elected to a three-year term and are eligible to run for three consecutive terms.