Caldwell is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.

[3] Near Caldwell is a precontact Plains Village period settlement called the Buresh site, which has yielded clues about Native American lifeways prior to the arrival of people of European and African descent.

[7] In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a branch line north–south from Herington to Caldwell.

[8] This branch line connected Herington, Lost Springs, Lincolnville, Antelope, Marion, Aulne, Peabody, Elbing, Whitewater, Furley, Kechi, Wichita, Peck, Corbin, Wellington, Caldwell.

In 1985 the Caldwell 6th grade class under the direction of their teacher Larry Miller started a successful campaign to have the ornate box turtle named the state reptile of Kansas.

[9] During the annual Homecoming celebration in the fall of 1986 the Mayor of Caldwell signed a proclamation declaring that Caldwell would forever be known as the "Ornate Box Turtle Capital of the World" and a couple of years later a professional wildlife artist was hired to paint a portrait of an ornate box turtle on the side of a downtown building on Main Street.

CAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.09 square miles (2.82 km2), all of it land.

[10] The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.

[11] The 2020 United States census counted 1,025 people, 469 households, and 255 families in Caldwell.

40.1% of households consisted of individuals and 21.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

40.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The community is served by Caldwell USD 360 public school district.