California State Convention of Colored Citizens

[4][5] These events were composed of individuals such as Peter Lester, Mifflin Wistar Gibbs, Thomas Marcus Decatur Ward, Edward Duplex, Peter William Cassey, George Washington Dennis,[6] and Jeremiah Burke Sanderson; as well as organizations including churches, literary societies, and social groups from across the state.

[13][14] In the mid-1850s after the first CSCC, Jonas H. Townsend and Mifflin Wistar Gibbs founded the Mirror of the Times, an African American weekly newspaper in San Francisco; which was financially supported by the CSCC.

[7] The second CSCCC event was held on December 9–12, 1865 at the same St. Andrews A.M.E. Church in Sacramento.

[17] The 1865 event was shaped by the American Civil War ending and the political issues in the state including Governor Leland Stanford's repeal of California’s testimony ban in 1863.

[5][18][12] Edward Duplex served as the state executive committee member during the second event.