See text Callanthiidae, the splendid perches and groppos is a small family of marine ray-finned fishes in the order Spariformes.

Callanthiidae was first proposed as a family name in 1907 by the American zoologist Henry Weed Fowler.

[2] Other workers have classified the family as incertae sedis within the series Eupercaria.

Callianthias is a combination of callos, meaning "beautiful", and Anthias the genus in the family Serranidae.

Lowe named the genus this because he described its type species, Callanthias paradisaeus, as "a most elegant little fish" and "almost as rare as beautiful" and noted the resemblance on form and dentition to Anthias.