Caloplaca patagoniensis is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.

Its fruiting bodies (apothecia) are dark reddish-orange and initially immersed in the substrate, while its spores are ellipsoid to elongated, and the species contains parietin, turning purple when exposed to a potassium hydroxide solution.

The type specimen of Caloplaca patagoniensis was collected from Cordillera Paine in Patagonia, Chile.

[1] Caloplaca patagoniensis has a thallus that typically ranges from 2–9 mm across, often forming larger aggregations.

[1] In cross-section, the thallus reveals a very narrow cortical layer, about 5–7 μm thick, with paraplectenchymatous cells elongated along the areole's surface.

[1] Caloplaca patagoniensis has a distribution that, at the time of its original publication, was confined to its type collection in Chile, South America.