The hamlet of Theobald's Green, which had been in the north of Calstone Wellington parish, remains a small settlement.

[2] The Ridgeway, an ancient road dating from the Bronze Age, meets the early medieval Wansdyke near Calstone Wellington.

The overlordship appears to have descended with the manor of Keevil in the Hesdin and FitzAlan families, and was held by Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, when he died in 1330.

Stephen and seven other Duckett descendants were returned as MP for the rotten borough of Calne, the small number of electors being under the influence of the lord of the manor.

[10] Stephen's son John (1580–1648), MP and Royalist, lived at Calstone House until it was destroyed by fire during the Civil War.

After enclosure, which took place in 1813,[19][20] most of Calstone Wellington was a compact area of some 260 acres (1.1 km2) around Manor Farm, but it also included other detached parts.

[2][24] On 25 March 1835, as a result of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, the Calne Poor Law Union was formed, consisting of the parishes of Calne, Blackland, Bowood, Bremhill, Calstone Wellington, Cherhill, Compton Bassett, Heddington, Highway, Hilmarton, and Yatesbury.

[25] In 1883, there was a tidying up of parish boundaries, in which 7 acres (2.8 ha) of the parish were transferred to Cherhill, ten to Blackland, and other detached parts to Calne, while at the same time about 20 acres (8.1 ha) lying to the north-west of Calstone Village was transferred to Calstone Wellington from Calne and Blackland.

[2] The present St Mary's parish church, which had that dedication by 1763, was rebuilt in the 15th century of stone rubble and ashlar and has a chancel, a nave, a north porch, a south vestry, and a west tower.

[2][26] The parish registers now held in the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre begin in 1760 and run up to 1963 for baptisms and burials, 1980 for marriages.

[29] In 1962, it was moved into a new union with Heddington,[30] and then in 1973, together with the parishes of Cherhill, Yatesbury, and Compton Bassett, it became part of a new benefice called Oldbury.

[2][31] Following the Great Reform Act, the parliamentary borough of Calne lost one of its two members of parliament and its boundaries were changed to bring in parts of Calstone Wellington and Blackland.

Calne was abolished as a constituency with effect from the 1885 election, after which Calstone Wellington was included in the Chippenham county division.