Due to the angle in Michigan's southern border, Camden Township has the southernmost point in the state, as well as being the only municipality in Michigan to border both the states of Indiana and Ohio.

The township borders both Indiana and Ohio, with the spot where the three states meet indicated by a marker.

The smaller western branch of the St. Joseph River flows through the township.

There were 872 housing units at an average density of 20.6 per square mile (8.0/km2).

22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.