In 2006, total spending on scientific and industrial research in Canada amounted to C$28.067 billion or about 2 percent of GDP.
Below are the names of those university institutions that carry out both natural and social science research, although the emphasis here is on the former.
A number of thematically specialized virtual university research organizations, the Networks of Excellence, have been established and are listed here.
Also included are the names of some particular research organizations and projects notable for their large size or for other characteristics.
Finally the list includes those support organizations that fund scientific research at the university level or contribute to its success in other ways.