Caney Creek (Matagorda Bay) is a river in Texas that begins northwest of Wharton, flows generally southeast, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico near Sargent.

Caney Creek is intermittent until the Matagorda County line when other streams empty into it, making it a continuously flowing waterway.

[3] From there, Caney Creek flows in a southerly direction on the west side of FM 1728 and passes to the east of Van Vleck.

Caney Creek flows southeast past Cedar Lane where Linnville Bayou joins it just below the FM 521 bridge.

During the American Civil War the local Confederate commander John B. Magruder fortified the mouth of Caney Creek, and in January and February 1864 these defenses repelled a Federal naval attack.